高中英语语法总结与练习
高中英语语法总结
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时态、语态及一般用法：
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谓语构成
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时间状语
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特殊用法：
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现在完成进行时：
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have/has been doing
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all day long, the whole morning, for+时段
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表示现在以前这段时间内一直在进行或反复的动作.(可能仍在进行， 也可能停了一会儿.)
1）How long has it been raining?2）I’ve been sitting here all day.
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have/has been being done
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将来完成时表将来某时已发生的动作.
I shall have finished it before lunch.
The new building will have been completed by the end of August.
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will/shall have done
be going to have done
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by +将来时间.
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有时也用来表揣测.
They will have arrived by now.
We worked together for a year. He won’t have forgotten me.
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will/shall have been done
be going to have been done
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过去完成时
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
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had done
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…before, by, until, when, after, onceby the end of +过去时间
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1）用于hardly …when ;no sooner…than …（一….就…）等句子中。
Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining.
2)hope,think,expect ,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want ,imagine等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图。
I had hoped to take my seat in all this noise without being found.
我本希望乘着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上。（但实际上未实现）
3) It is the first time +从句（从句用现在完成时have/has done）；
It was the first time +从句（用过去完成时had done）。
eg. It is the first time that I’ve been here.
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.
4)用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。
If I had known his telephone number yesterday, I would have called
5)by the time+从句（用一般过去时）作状语，主句用过去完成时We had finished the work by last month( by the time he came.)
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had been done
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现在进行时：
1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。
2．表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正在进行。
①I don’t really work here. I’m helping until the new secretary comes.
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am/is/are doing
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these days, nowadays,
at present,
at the moment,
now
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1)下列动词用现在进行时可以表示将来很快要发生的动作，即一般将来时。如：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drive，take等。 We’re moving to the new building next week.
2)下列副词always, continually , constantly, never 等常一般现在时连用，但若用于进行时则表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。
You are always forgetting the important things.
3．无进行时态的动词：表“存在、所有、知觉、认为，感情”等状态
存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , contain
所有： have ,belong to , possess, own , hold
知觉： sound, look /seem /appear, smell, taste, feel, see, hear
认识: understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, forget, believe
情感：like, love, hate , prefer,
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am/is/are being done
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过去进行时：1．表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。The teacher came in when they were talking.
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was /were + doing
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at that time, then , this time yesterday last week, at 10 o’clock last night
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１．Hope, want, wonder等的过去进行时用来提出请求， 表示委婉的语气，实际表示现在的情况．
I was hoping you could send me some money stamps.( I hope…)
2.come, go , plan , expect, hope, intend, look forward to 等词可用进行时表达本来打算做实际没做成的事
He was expecting to finish the work last month , but the machine went wrong.
3.在口语中过去进行时可表示最近刚刚过去的事情
_--What did you say? --I was asking what you thought of it.
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was /were + being +done
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Exercises:
1. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
2. I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written
3. –Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?
--Of course. What is it?
--I ____ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.
A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder
4. ---____David and Vicky ____ married?
---For about three years.
A. How long were; being B. How long have; got C. How long have; been D. How long did; get
5. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider
6. They ____ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ____ on it as no good results have come out so far.
A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working
C. have worked; were still working D. have worked; are still working
7. When the old man _____ to walk back to his house, the sun ____ itself behind the mountain.
A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden
C. had started; eas hiding D. was started; hid
8. Scientists think that the continents ____ always where they ____ today.
A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were
9. –If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.
--What a pity! Tina ____ here to see you.
A. is B. was C. would be D. has been
10. The country life he was used to ____ greatly since 1992.
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
11. –Where did you put the car keys？
--Oh, I ____ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I ____ in.
A. remembered; come B. remembered; was coming
C. remember; come D. remember; was coming
12. I have to go to work by taxi because my car ____ at the garage.
A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
1. Why don’t you put the meat in the fidge? It will ____ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
2. The crazy fans _____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait
3. –George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
--No, I ____. Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite
4. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.
A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused
5. –What would you do if it ____tomorrow?
--We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready.
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
6.Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ____ the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called
7. In a room above store, where a party ____, some workers were busily setting the table.
A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held
8. I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _____.
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going ; occurred D. was going; had occurred
9. When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike ____ to become a world champion by his coach and parents.
A. expected B. was expecting C. was expected D. would be expected
10. The moment the 28th Olympic Games ____ open, the whole world cheered.
A. declared B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared
11. –Did you see a man in black pass by just now?
--No, sir. I ____ a newspaper.
A. read B. was reading C. would read D. am reading
12.--____you ____him around the museum yet?
--Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show
1. The news came as no surprise to me. I ____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down.
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
2. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ____ in Beijing.
A. would be completed B. was bing completed C. has been completed D. had been completed
3. –You were out when I dropped in at your house.
--Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport.
A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited
4. –The window is dirty.
--I know. It ___ for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
5. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ____ each year.
A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away
6. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when ____ and see him.
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
7. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ____yesterday.
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
8. The house belongs to my aunt but she ___ here any more.
A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live C. hadn’t lived D. doesn’t live
9. Customers are asked to make sure that they____ the right change before leaving the shop.
A. will give B. have been given C. have given D. will be given
10. My friend, who ____ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.
A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served
11. They ____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.
A. had got B. got C. have got D. get
12. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _____.
A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached
表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构
1. as +原级+ as any （或ever ）
She is as bright as any in the school. 她是学校最聪明的学生。
2. as +原级+ as … can be
He is as happy as happy can be. 他幸福无比。
3. nothing (no) + so + 原级 + as…
Nothing (no) +比较级+ than …
No one is so deaf as those who won’t listen. 最聋着=者莫过于不听劝说的人。
Nothing is more precious than health. 健康的身体是最宝贵的。
4比较级+ than any other （或anything else ）
She is more careful than any other / anyone else. 她比任何人都更细心（她最细心）。
5. never +比较级
can’t / couldn’t + 比较级 “再……不过了； 不可能更……”
I’ve never read a more interesting novel. 我从来没有读过比这更有趣的小说。（这本小说最有趣。）
I can’t agree more. 我完全同意。
The weather couldn’t be worse. 天气再坏不过了。
He couldn’t have done better. 他做得再好不过了。
This could give her no greater pleasure. 这使她再高兴不过了。
He couldn’t care more. 他非常关心。
He couldn’t care less. 他一点也不关心。
1.-------How are you today?
-------Oh, I _______ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
2.--I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
---- You can never be ______ careful in the street.
A. much B. very C. so D. too
3.The shop manager always says to her assistants, “We can never be ____ polite to our customers.
A. so B. more C. too D. that.
4.----Yao Ming has begun his season in NBA.
----Yes, he couldn’t have wished for a _____ start to the new NBA year. He scored 19 points in 20 minutes in the opening game.
A. better B. good C. nice D. best.
5.----Mom’s gift? She _____ have chosen a better one for me.
-----She _____ be very happy to know it.
A. should; must B. might; wouldn’t C. couldn’t; must D. mustn’t; can’t
6.----How did your interview go?
-----I couldn’t feel ______ about it. I seemed to find an answer for all of the question.
A. better B. worse C. best D. worst
7.He had never spent a ___ day. He really didn’t know how to deal with the situation.
A. more worried B. more worrying C. most worried D. most worrying
8.----Are you satisfied with the progress you’ve made in your high school studies?
----Not a little. It couldn’t be _____.
A. any better B. any worse C. the best D. the worse
9. --- Are you satisf ied with the resu lt? --- Not at all. It couldn't be ___.
A. any better B. any worse C. so bad D. the worst
10.Tom did very well in the last exam and much to my joy, Mary did no _____ than Tom.
A. better B. worse C. faster D. further
11.Clean water is ____ necessory than fresh air to the people living in big cities.
A. no more B. no less C. much as D. not any more
12.----How do you like Miss Wang’s singing?
-----To tell you the truth, no one sings ____.
A. terribly B. worse C. badly D. fine
13.-----How did you like the food here?
-----Oh, excellent! We _____ a better hotel.
A. can’t find B. won’t find C. mustn’t have found D. couldn’t have found
14.----If our parents would listen more to us, they would understand us better.
----_____. They just expect us to listen.
A.I believe not B. No problem C. Good idea D.I can’t agree more
15.If you need a comfortable chair to sit in, there’s ____ better than this one.
A. nothing B. none C. no one D. nobody
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